Nehemiah 1:1-4 – Integrity, empathy, and devotion to prayer

These opening verses of the book introduce us to Nehemiah, a godly Jew in the palace in Persia. His rise to the role of the king’s cupbearer, a position of utmost trust, is a significant aspect of his character. As the cupbearer, he was responsible for tasting and serving the king’s wine, ensuring it was free from poison, a duty that could cost him his life.

As a cupbearer, Nehemiah had regular access to the king and a level of trust that was crucial for God’s work through him. Despite being away from his homeland, Nehemiah’s heart was deeply connected to Jerusalem and the returnees. His frequent inquiries about the situation back home were a sign of his deep empathy and a way of showing that he genuinely understood their plight.

Verses 1-4 reveal that while Nehemiah was in Susa, the capital of Persia, his brother Hanani and some Jews from Judah came and informed him of the dire situation in Jerusalem. They reported that “the remnant there in the province who survived the captivity are in great distress and reproach, and the wall of Jerusalem is broken down, and its gates are burned with fire.” This distressing news was the catalyst for Nehemiah’s actions.

Upon hearing the distressing news about Jerusalem and the Jews who had returned, Nehemiah’s immediate response was to pray. He sat down, wept, and mourned for days, fasting and praying before the God of heaven. His unwavering devotion to prayer in the face of adversity is truly inspiring. 

Lessons gleaned from these verses.

Firstly, we learn that being godly and trustworthy are essential assets to be God’s effective instrument. Secondly, empathy and staying connected with the community we are part of are necessary to be that instrument for the community’s progress. We need to empathize to understand the pains and emotions of the people we are called to serve. Thirdly, we must not allow despair to paralyze us, but instead, we should channel our strength to earnestly pray and seek God’s direction on what He wants us to do. Nehemiah’s examples teach us the importance of integrity, empathy, and the profound impact of praying to God during challenging times.

Introduction and Background to the Book of Nehemiah

In the next few weeks, we will consider the book of Nehemiah. Much of the book was written by Nehemiah in his first-person perspective. However, the book provides limited information about Nehemiah’s youth or background. The book reveals that he was King Artaxerxes’ cupbearer in the Persian royal court, a prestige position. This would also indicate that he was a person of good character to hold that position.   

Some believe the book of Nehemiah to be a sequel to the book of Ezra. In contrast, others believe that Ezra compiled Nehemiah’s original accounts and other material to create this book.  However, Nehemiah is widely accepted as the author.  Despite residing in Persia after many of the exiles had returned to Judah, Nehemiah maintained a keen interest in the welfare and situation in his homeland.

The Book of Nehemiah opens in the Persian city of Susa in 444 BC. Later that year, Nehemiah traveled to Israel, leading the third group of Jewish returnees to Jerusalem following their seventy years of exile in Babylon. The first two groups that had returned to their homeland were described in the book of Ezra and were led by Zerubbabel and Ezra, respectively.

The Book of Nehemiah is the last historical book of the Old Testament. However, it is placed before the Book of Esther. Interestingly, the event described in Esther occurred between the first and second returns of the people to Israel, which would put the event between Ezra 6 and 7. The Prophet Malachi would be a contemporary of Nehemiah.

Nehemiah, a layman, not a priest like Ezra nor a prophet like Malachi, served the Persian king in a secular position before leading a group of Jews to Jerusalem to rebuild the city walls. His unique background, which we will delve into in the coming weeks, equipped him with the skills to navigate the political situation, enabling him to undertake the task of reconstructing the wall of Jerusalem to ensure the survival of the remnant.

Under Nehemiah’s leadership, the Jews stood united, withstanding opposition and coming together to accomplish their goal. Nehemiah’s example of humility and sacrifice, giving up a respected position in a palace for hard labor in a politically insignificant district, is truly inspiring. Together with Ezra, Nehemiah helped to solidify the political and spiritual foundations of the people, inspiring us with the power of collective action.

Nehemiah recorded the reconstruction of the wall of Jerusalem, Judah’s capital city. Together, he and Ezra, who led the people’s spiritual revival, directed the political and religious restoration of the Jews in their homeland after the Babylonian captivity. Their work had a profound impact on the nation, demonstrating the significant influence one individual can have on a community, leaving a legacy of transformation.

The Book of Nehemiah is an excellent resource for learning practical leadership. It teaches us that one person with a love for God and faith in Him, together with compassion, vision, prayer, and diligence, can restore stability and order to a chaotic community. The lessons from Nehemiah’s leadership are not just historical, but they are also practical and applicable to our lives and leadership roles today. 

Ezra 10 – Be bold to take corrective action.

Ezra 10:1-5 describes Ezra prostrating himself before the house of God, praying, weeping, and confessing. He was affected because of the widespread disobedience of the Jews to stay as a separated people of God. Many people with their families also gathered there to offer their support. They also openly wept, admitted their misdeeds, and made solemn pledges before Ezra to set things right.

However, the problem could not be solved in a day, as its widespread consequences were far-reaching. Therefore, Ezra went to a quiet room in Jehohanan’s house to spend the night considering the matter before God. As a result, a meeting of all families was arranged for three days later.

When they met, the weather was wet and overcast. Yet the people showed great determination and sat through the rain to hear Ezra’s judgment. Their genuine concern for setting things right was evident. And only a few objected when Ezra announced that the offenders should remove their foreign wives.

Since the investigation would take time, verses 16-17 said that officials were appointed to oversee the matter. It took them three months to complete their work. Verses 18-44 show that mixed marriages were widespread among religious leaders and ordinary people, but ultimately, they all put away their foreign wives. Their sacrifice and repentance, deeply felt and sincere, were evident in their actions, and they also offered sacrifices for their sins, demonstrating the depth of their commitment to rectifying their mistakes.

This chapter shows us the importance of courage in making bold decisions and taking corrective actions when we are deeply convicted. It reminds us to stay focused on doing what we know is right despite others’ disagreements. Being responsible requires boldness in amending our wrongs. Most importantly, it highlights the immense power of a collective commitment to rectifying mistakes and maintaining moral integrity. This unity and strength in numbers can bring about genuine change.

Ezra 9 – Living as God's consecrated people

In this chapter, Ezra faced a significant challenge when he addressed the issue of mixed marriages. Israelite men had married non-Israelite women, resulting in the formation of mixed families. This practice was widespread, even among the highest levels of the community, posing a serious threat. If left unaddressed, it could have led to the erosion of Israel's religious beliefs and the dilution of its unique racial identity.

Upon discovering the issue, Ezra was deeply moved and overwhelmed with a sense of grief and shame. He turned to God, confessing the sin on behalf of the nation. He acknowledged that God had justly punished his people for their rebellion but in his grace always left a remnant to carry on the legacy of His people. Their present liberty and protection granted by the Persians were further evidence of God’s grace. Ezra, fearing God’s judgment due to the latest rebellion, prayed that God would not leave the nation without a remnant.

Here we are reminded of the importance of seeking forgiveness and acknowledging our wrongdoings. It directs us to have faith in God’s grace and to pray for His guidance and protection in times of uncertainty or trouble.

Ezra 8 – Gratitude and faith in God

Ezra 8:1-14 lists the leaders of the family groups who returned with Ezra and the number of people in the various groups. The purpose of Ezra’s expedition was to reform the Jewish people. Surprisingly, no Levites were among them. Since Levites were essential for religious services, Ezra made special arrangements for some of them, as mentioned in verses 15-20.

The journey to Jerusalem would take Ezra and his party about four months. During this time, they would be constantly vulnerable to attacks from robbers. Despite having large amounts of money and treasure, Ezra declined to request an armed soldier's escort from the king. He believed that doing so would be shameful and contradict all that he had told the king regarding the protection God would provide for his people. Therefore, verses 21-23 say that he proclaimed as fasted, and everyone fasted and prayed, relying solely on God for their safety.

Ezra meticulously documented all the wealth they took with them. When the same amount was paid into the temple treasury at the end of the journey, it testified to God’s answered prayers and their safe passage. In gratitude, the returned exiles offered sacrifices to acknowledge God’s goodness. Following this, Ezra presented the documents authorizing him to take control of the Jewish community to the local Persian officials.

Like Ezra, it’s always better to depend on God for protection and guidance in the face of potential danger. We learn this from Ezra’s decision to trust in God for safety. In doing so, we will demonstrate faith and reliance on God and His providence. Always make time to acknowledge and express gratitude for God's blessings.

Ezra 7 –Divine favor and effective leadership ensure success

In Ezra 3-6, we read about the monumental task of rebuilding the temple in Jerusalem led by Zerubbabel and Joshua. The building project, a pivotal event in biblical history, was paused for a period due to the opposition of Samaritans, and the discouragement, and apathy of the returnees.

The people only resumed the work and completed the temple after the significant challenges issued by the Prophets Haggai and Zachariah. The temple, a symbol of faith and resilience, was rebuilt and dedicated around 516 BC, marking a significant milestone in the history of the Jewish people.  

In Ezra 7, we see the return of the second group of Jews from the Babylonian exile. Ezra, a direct descendant of Aaron and a scribe, led this group back to reform the Jewish people. This expedition was set in the reign of the Persian king, Artaxerxes I. It took place in the seventh year of Artaxerxes I’s reign, which would place it around 458 BC.

Based on calculations, there would be a significant sixty-year gap between the temple’s completion and this trip led by Ezra. Interestingly, the events in the Book of Esther would have occurred during this period.

By the time of Ezra’s expedition, Zerubbabel, Joshua the priest, the Prophets Haggai, and Zachariah would all have died. As both a priest responsible for the religious affairs of the Jewish people and a scribe, a learned scholar, and an interpreter of the Jewish law, Ezra was well-qualified to lead the people back.

Besides his thorough knowledge of Jewish law, he was well respected in official circles in Persia. Hence it was not a surprise that King Artaxerxes readily approved when Ezra announced his plan to go to Jerusalem to reform the Jewish people.

Verses 11-20 tell us that the king gave Ezra funds from the royal treasury to carry out his program. Verses 21-24 reveal that he even assured Ezra of further funds from the Persian administration in Palestine should the need arise.  The king also gave Ezra the authority to appoint judges, set up courts, and carry out punishments when needed in verses 25-26. It’s crucial to note that God’s favor was unmistakably behind the support that Artaxerxes I had granted Ezra, a clear sign of divine approval in the narrative. This divine approval, evident in every step of Ezra's journey, filled him with confidence as he praised God in verses 27-28, making his mission a truly blessed one.

Apart from the importance of trusting God when we face obstacles in life, Ezra 7 shows us how effective leadership can inspire and guide people toward a great goal. It also shows us that it is critical to have divine favor and approval if we are to succeed in any effort.  

This account also highlights the value of knowledge and expertise in carrying out significant tasks. It reminds us of the role and support of influential figures we need to achieve our objectives. Most of all, Ezra 7 reminds us that it is most important to have God’s approval and that we must acknowledge and praise Him for our successes in life.

Ezra 6 – Celebrating God’s goodness.

On reading the content of the letter sent to him, King Darius ordered an investigation to ascertain what was communicated to him.  After carefully examining the official records, a memorandum was found that established the validity of the Jews’ claim.

Darius then wholeheartedly supported the continuation of the work. Determined to safeguard the workers, he directed the provincial authorities to provide the Jewish community with financial assistance and essential resources at the state’s expense. The king’s unwavering support was a source of reassurance and confidence, ensuring the construction’s smooth progress and equipping the Jewish community with the necessary means to carry out their sacred rites at the temple.

With the help of the Prophets Haggai and Zechariah, the son of Iddo, the elders of the Jews successfully completed the building of the temple according to the command of the God of Israel and the decrees of Cyrus, Darius, and Artaxerxes, kings of Persia. The completion of the temple was a significant event in the history of the Jewish people, marking a return to their religious and cultural roots. The temple was finished on the third day of the month, Adar, in the sixth year of the reign of King Darius, some four years later.

The sons of Israel, the priests, the Levites, and the rest of the exiles celebrated the dedication of the house of God with overwhelming joy. They offered 100 bulls, 200 rams, and 400 lambs for the temple’s dedication, and as a sin offering for all Israel, 12 male goats corresponding to the number of the tribes of Israel.

Then, according to what was written in the book of Moses, they appointed the priests to their divisions and the Levites to their orders for the service of God in Jerusalem, all amidst a jubilant atmosphere of celebration and joy.

The returnees then gathered to commemorate the Passover on the fourteenth day of the first month. The priests and the Levites joined in a collective purification ritual, ensuring that all participants were ceremonially pure. They ceremonially slaughtered the Passover lamb, not only for themselves but also for their compatriots, the priests, and their families. The Passover celebration was a time of reflection and thanksgiving, as the Jewish people remembered their liberation from slavery in Egypt and the covenant with their God.

The returning sons of Israel and those who had separated themselves from the impurity of the nations of the land to seek the Lord God of Israel partook in the Passover feast. Everyone joyfully observed the Feast of Unleavened Bread for a week, filled with the joy and favor the Lord had brought them. They were especially heartened by the support of the king of Assyria, who had turned his attention toward them, encouraging their efforts in rebuilding the house of God, the God of Israel. The king's support was a testament to the growing recognition and acceptance of the Jewish community and their religious practices.

This chapter highlights the power of perseverance, faith, and unity in overcoming challenges and achieving corporate goals. The celebrations and feasts remind us to express gratitude, celebrate milestones, and come together as a community. We must learn to stay resilient in the face of obstacles, foster unity within our communities, and take the time to celebrate and express gratitude for our achievements and the blessings God has showered on us. 

Ezra 5 - Persevere and follow through.

In the previous chapter, the work of the temple was brought to a halt due to anti-Jews activity, as verse 24 tells us. This pause lasted for some sixteen years. However, the stirring messages of the two prophets, Haggai and Zachariah, played a crucial role in reigniting the people’s determination. Ezra 5:1-2 informs us that those returnees were once again challenged to return to the task of rebuilding the temple.

When the temple rebuilding efforts regained momentum, some residents opposed the project. They showed up to challenge the legality of the construction. Verses 6-17 reveal that the provincial governor, determined to ensure fairness, conducted a comprehensive inquiry. He carefully examined the Jews’ claim of having received permission from the king. He sent a detailed report to King Darius to validate their assertions.

Here are the lessons from this chapter: Stand up for what’s right, thoroughly investigate, and confirm the truth before making any accusation or decision. Keep going when facing challenges, but always follow through on important tasks until they’re done.

Ezra 4 – Staying faithful in the face of adversity

When the Assyrians destroyed the Northern Kingdom of Israel two hundred years earlier, a new community emerged. This resulted from the intermarriage between the Jews and the Assyrians. They were the Samaritans who settled in Samaria and around Jerusalem. The Jews regarded them as a mixed race and did not consider them part of their community. They had always regarded them as a syncretistic group and not part of them. Though they might worship God, since they were once part of Israel, they were being viewed with suspicion. 

Hence, Ezra 4:1-5 tells us that the offer of the Samaritans to help Zerubbabel, the priest Jeshua, and their brethren in the temple rebuilding project was declined. Wanting to safeguard the purity of their beliefs and commitment to God, the Jews refused to allow them to participate in their work.  This provoked the hostility of the Samaritans, who then vehemently opposed the work of the Jews. During this period, they faced much opposition until their work to reconstruct Jerusalem was disrupted. Verse 24 said that the temple's rebuilding came to a halt until the second year of the reign of Darius.

In this chapter, we see the opposition the Jews had to face in their project to rebuild Jerusalem. The enemies did all they could to sabotage the returnees' work. The contents of these verses are not chronological events but were picked to show the opposition the returnees had to face in rebuilding Jerusalem.  

Verse 6 describes the opposition during the time of Ahasuerus (Xerxes I). The enemies wrote to this king accusing the returnees. Interestingly, this is the king who took Esther as his queen and who later showed favor to the Jews.  

Verses 7-13 describe another incidence. It was a letter written to Artaxerxes I. This incident had more to do with the rebuilding of the wall. At this time, the temple was already built, and the Jews were rebuilding the broken walls of Jerusalem.  Their adversaries wrote to Artaxerxes I, accusing the returnees of fortifying the walls in preparation to go against the Persia king. And the rebuilding of the wall was halted. However, we learn from Nehemiah 2:1-8 that Artaxerxes I eventually supported the Jews in the rebuilding of the wall.  

Ezra 4 teaches us to uphold the purity of our beliefs and commitment to God, even in the face of opposition. We must stay steadfast in the face of adversity and not allow external forces to derail our goal of being faithful to our God-assigned tasks. Here, we also see the importance of perseverance and determination when facing obstacles and opposition. We can trust that God will send us unexpected support and help even in the most challenging circumstances.   

Ezra 3:8-13 – The rebuilding of the temple

Ezra 3:7 reveals that the returnees had turned their attention to rebuilding the temple after the altar was set up. The people freely paid for food for the builders and ordered cedar wood from Lebanon. King Cyrus, with his benevolent decree, permitted them to start the temple-building project, which provided the impetus for the temple's rebuilding.   

As the new year began, the younger generation, filled with enthusiasm and optimism, embarked on the significant endeavor of rebuilding the temple. Progress was made steadily under the wise and watchful guidance of the Levites, leading to the joyous moment of laying the foundation.

Yet, amid this celebration, a bittersweet contrast emerged. Some older generations, carrying the weight of cherished memories of the former temple's grandeur, find themselves grappling with deep sorrow. The presence temple was a far cry from the one that was destroyed by the Babylonians. However, their cries of sadness were drowned by the loud noise of rejoicing.  

One precious lesson from this account is honoring the past while embracing the future. It's essential to acknowledge and respect the feelings of those who carry memories of the past, even as we move forward with hope and optimism. Balancing the celebration of progress with empathy for those who may feel a sense of loss is crucial to any significant endeavor.

Ezra 3:1-7 – Establishing the altar of God in our lives.

Ezra 2 concluded with the people settling in and around Jerusalem, laying the foundation for a new community. In a powerful display of unity, the people came together in the seventh month to embark on a significant building project. This timing was not arbitrary, but a deliberate choice to coincide with three of their most important feasts, the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of the Tabernacles.

Ezra 3 details their ambitious building program. Verse 3 reveals the driving force behind the altar’s construction and the resumption of the sacrifices. Faced with opposition from non-Jews who occupied Jerusalem, the returnees, filled with a deep sense of faith and determination to trust God, began laying the foundation of the altar, knowing that their God would be their ultimate protector.    

Under the leadership of Jeshua, Zerubbabel, and their brethren, the people’s first act was to build the altar, a symbol of their renewed commitment to their faith. Following the law of Moses, they offered burnt sacrifices and other offerings on the altar to the God of Israel. This marked the revival of their religious life, with everyone eagerly participating and offering their free will offerings to the Lord.

However, the foundation of the temple needed to be laid. Verse 7 tells us that “they gave money to the masons and carpenters, and food, drink, and oil to the Sidonians and to the Tyrians, to bring cedar wood from Lebanon to the sea at Joppa, according to the permission they had from Cyrus king of Persia.” This was in preparation for the building of the temple.  

The rebuilding of the altar in Ezra 3:1-7 is a powerful symbol of the people’s renewed commitment to their faith. Despite facing opposition and challenges from outsiders, the community’s decision to build the altar and resume sacrifices demonstrated their deep trust in God and determination to set their lives right.

The altar was a focal point for their religious life and marked the revival of their commitment to God. It highlights the significance of faith and unity in the face of adversity and their unwavering trust that God would be their ultimate protector. How is our altar? Is it in a broken state? Our altars must be firmly built and established if we desire a personal revival. Be sure we have a firm altar for God in our life.    

Ezra 2 – Sacred responsibility and community

In Ezra 1:8, the leader of the returnees was slated as Sheshbazzar. Without any given reason, here in Ezra 2, we see him replaced by the joint leadership of Zerubbabel and Joshua. Could Sheshbazzar be Zerubbabel, as some have suggested? This is a guess, which we will not add to the speculation.     

However, we can see that Ezra 2 accounts for those who journeyed back to Jerusalem. Here, we see a detailed roster of the prominent individuals designated to aid Zerubbabel and Joshua. Notably, the Nehemiah mentioned in this list differs from the person we encounter later in the book of Nehemiah.

A total of approximately 50,000 individuals made the return. They were part of the first wave of repatriation to Israel from the Babylonian captivity. This group, made up of only the heads of families, was just a fraction of the total number of exiles who returned, estimated to be between 100,000 and 150,000. However, this figure was small compared to most who remained in Babylon, including the exiles and their descendants.

These returnees were meticulously grouped according to their family lineage in verses 3-19 and according to their original respective ancestral town in verses 20-35. The priests, Levites, and temple servants were meticulously enumerated separately in verses 36-58, demonstrating the thoroughness of the record-keeping.

Verses 59-63 reveal the people who claimed to be from the priestly line but could not prove their genealogy. These were considered uncleaned and excluded from the priesthood. They were forbidden to partake of the consecrated food apportioned for the priest until they could be ascertained. This narrative underscores the reverence and seriousness with which matters of the priesthood were handled.

Verses 68-70 tell us that upon reaching Jerusalem, several made substantial monetary contributions to support the temple’s construction, signifying their deep reverence and dedication. This act of commitment and faith is a testimony of the people’s devotion to their religious beliefs. All the people eventually established themselves in and around Jerusalem.

Here are two lessons to take away:

First, their scrutiny of the priestly lineage and exclusion of those who could not prove their genealogy highlights the reverence and seriousness with which matters of the priesthood were handled. It underscores the significance of upholding sacred responsibilities with integrity and authenticity. We who had the privilege of handling God’s business must do so with such reverence attitude.   

Second, we see the importance of establishing a true community. The eventual establishment of the returnees in and around Jerusalem signifies the importance of building and nurturing a community. It shows us the value of coming together, supporting one another, and creating a sense of belonging in a shared fellowship.

Ezra 1 – God’s certain plan for His people

Before Cyrus emerged, God’s plan was already in motion, as foretold through Isaiah. The prophecy declared that Cyrus would be the instrument to initiate the return of the Jewish exiles (Isaiah 45:1). His prominence was not a mere historical event, but a testament to the unfolding of the divine plan. His conquest of Babylon was a pivotal moment in this plan.  

Following his conquest of Babylon, Cyrus issued a decree in the first year of his reign, allowing the Jewish captives to return to their homelands in Jerusalem. This was not a political maneuver, but a divine initiation, fulfilling Jeremiah’s prophecy of their release after seventy years in captivity. The profound impact of God’s prophecy on history was evident in this decree.

Cyrus not only permitted the Jews to return home but also to rebuild the temple. His decree, as recorded in Ezra 1:2-4, was not just a political decision, but a divine appointment. He specifically stated that God had chosen him to build a house for God in Jerusalem, underscoring the weight of God’s role in the temple’s reconstruction.

Even though the Jews were granted permission to return, many individuals chose to remain in Babylon. Why? They had established a reasonably comfortable and secure life there, and they hesitated to confront the uncertainties and challenges of starting anew in Jerusalem.

Verses 5-11 tell us that the heads of the households of Judah and Benjamin, the priests and the Levites, and all those whose spirits God had stirred rose to the occasion. However, those who did not return did not indicate a lack of concern for their fellow Jews. Many continued to provide financial support and essential items to those who chose to return. The solidarity and assistance within the Jewish community showcased their resilience.

Apart from encouraging the people to give freely to the Jews, Cyrus also played his part by returning the temple treasures Nebuchadnezzar had seized and allocating a portion of funds from the royal treasury to aid in the reconstruction of Jerusalem and the temple.  

Ezra 1 explicitly demonstrates the paramount importance of unwavering commitment to our faith, even when faced with uncertainty and adversity. It serves as a powerful reminder that God is in control of human history, particularly the lives of we, His people.

We learn from this chapter that God has an unyielding purpose and plan and owns the sovereign right to utilize anyone to accomplish His will. It emphasizes the power of resilience, unity, and compassion during periods of change and transition. We can firmly trust in God’s unwavering guidance and are called to actively support each other in His ongoing task to grow His kingdom.

 

Introduction to the book of Ezra

Today, we embark on a journey through the book of Ezra. This historical account, believed to have been penned by Ezra, a scribe and scholar of unparalleled dedication, chronicles his leadership of the second group of Jews from Babylon to Jerusalem.

As a descendant of Aaron, Ezra held the esteemed roles of both priest and scribe. His unwavering passion for God and His Law was the driving force behind his mission to guide his fellow Jews back to their homeland and God.

In the Hebrew Bible, the books of Ezra and Nehemiah are considered a unified narrative. However, in our English translations, they are presented as separate entities. This book of Ezra, a historical record of two distinct periods following the seventy years of Babylonian captivity, serves as a crucial thread in the tapestry of Jewish history.

Ezra 1-6 covers the first return of Jews from captivity, led by Zerubbabel. Ezra 7-10 tells the story of Ezra leading the second group of exiles to Israel more than sixty years later. The book was likely completed around 450 BC. The events in Ezra occur in Jerusalem and the surrounding area, where returning exiles could only inhabit a small part of their former homeland.

Ezra delves into two primary challenges faced by the returning exiles. Chapters 1-6 recount the struggles of the Jews in restoring the temple in Jerusalem. Chapters 7-10 narrate a spiritual reformation among the returnees. The reconstruction of the temple and the subsequent spiritual reformation were not just tasks, but vital steps towards rekindling a needful fellowship with the Lord.

In this book of Ezra, we see how God designed the return of the people to the promised land, which was a seventy-year exile. In this book, we see how God kept His word and shows us how faithful God has been to His people.

Esther 10 - From obscurity to prominence

The Book of Esther concludes by highlighting Mordecai’s greatness and the deep relief he brought to the Jewish people. Under his administration, non-Jewish peoples were compelled to contribute more to the empire’s economy, thereby significantly easing the burden on the Jews. Mordecai continued in his position as chief minister in the government of Ahasuerus for many years, and under his leadership, the Jews had security and contentment.

The importance of strong leadership in bringing relief and security to a community. The Book of Esther illustrates that wisdom, insight, discernment, patience, and resilience are elements of effective governance that can impact the well-being and prosperity of a people.

Esther 9 – From near destruction to victory

Esther 9 began by describing what happened when the day of reckoning for the Jews arrived. They didn't wait for their enemies to strike first. They acted, instead. What they did possibly surpass the decree’s limits. Yet, they resisted the temptation of plunder and remained on the path of righteousness. Recognizing Mordecai’s influence, the Persian officials wisely offered their support to the Jews.

Esther requested an extension for the Jews in Susa to carry out the king's edict and for Haman’s ten sons to be hanged. The king agreed, and the edict was issued. Furthermore, the Jews in Susa killed three hundred men on the fourteenth day of Adar but did not take any plunder. This meant that although the slaughter in the provincial areas was to last only one day, in the capital, it lasted two days.

Under the guidance of Mordecai, the grand occasion was marked by feasting, sharing food and gifts, and giving to the less fortunate. This spirit of unity and generosity became the essence of the annual festival, known as the Feast of Purim, a celebration of the Jews’ victory over Haman.

The word ‘Purim’ was the Hebrew plural of the Persian-Assyrian word pur, meaning ‘lots’; it was by casting lots that Haman chose the day for his attack. What was meant to be a day of doom turned into a day of triumph for the Jews. Esther and Mordecai then issued a formal decree, confirming Mordecai’s instructions concerning Purim as the official law for all Jews.

A lesson from this historical account is the importance of acting in adversity. The Jews didn't wait for their enemies to strike first but took action to protect themselves. Here, we also see a lesson in a commitment to righteousness: Despite the opportunity to plunder, they have moral integrity. Their resistance to the temptation of plunder and their commitment to righteousness are lessons in maintaining moral integrity during difficult times. Besides, establishing the Feast of Purim teaches us the value of unity, generosity, and commemorating victories amidst adversity.

Esther 8 - Be resilient in the face of adversity

King Xerxes promptly transferred Haman’s estate to Queen Esther after executing Haman. This act symbolized the king’s favor towards Esther and significantly increased her influence and resources. Meanwhile, the queen also made known her relationship with Mordecai. The king welcomed this revelation and gave Mordecai the signet ring he had previously given to Haman. This tells us that he had given the position held by Haman to him. In addition to all these, the queen gave the estate of Haman to Mordecai, further consolidating their power and influence.

Even though Mordecai held Haman’s position, the latter’s decree remained valid. According to the law, a king’s decree could not be revoked. However, the king granted Esther and Mordecai the authority to issue a new decree to counteract the one Haman had issued.

Esther and Mordecai acted swiftly, issuing a new decree that empowered the Jews to defend themselves. This new decree, issued with the king’s approval, nullified Haman’s decree by granting the Jews the right to protect themselves against any attack on the appointed day.

The pivotal role of Esther and Mordecai in this narrative is highly significant, as it highlights their bravery and resolve in the face of challenging circumstances. Their act, a clear manifestation of the king’s sympathy towards the Jews, caused provincial officials to hesitate in enforcing the former decree. The power of divine intervention was so profound that it led many non-Jewish people to embrace the beliefs of the Jews, underscoring the profound and transformative power of faith.

In challenging times, it’s crucial to stay strong in our convictions, take decisive actions, and trust that positive change is possible. Living by faith and acting with conviction, even when the odds are against us, reinforces the power of resilience in the face of adversity.

Esther 7 – What goes around comes around.

In the previous chapter, we saw how poetic justice played out for Haman. Instead of receiving the king’s permission to hang Mordecai, he was asked to honor Mordecai. After carrying out the king’s command, Haman went home dejected. Before he could even settle, a messenger from the king arrived to summon him to the second banquet that Esther had prepared for him and the king.

At the banquet, circumstances aligned perfectly for Esther to present her case to the king. The king reiterated his promise to the queen, offering her anything she would request, even if it meant half his kingdom. Esther, with strategic brilliance, presented her petition to the king. She revealed her Jewish heritage, as well as the plot Haman had hatched to annihilate the Jews.

The king responded to her Jewish identity calmly but became furious upon learning of Haman’s plot to harm her and her people. Angrily, the king stepped out for a while, probably to recompose his thoughts. When the king returned from the garden, he saw Haman falling before the couch where Esther was seated to beg for mercy. He mistakenly thought that Haman wanted to harm Esther, so he angrily ordered Haman to be executed. Immediately, Haman was led away and hung on the gallows he had built at his house.

This account reminds us of Proverbs 26:27 which says, “He who digs a pit will fall into it, and he who rolls a stone, it will come back on him.” The trap we create for others may boomerang and return to harm us. The rooster always returns to roost.

Esther 6 – A case of poetic justice.

In a twist of event, the king had insomnia that night. Since he could not sleep, he summoned the Book of Records and was surprised to find the chronicle of a failed attempt assassination on his life.  He discovered that Mordecai was the one who had saved his life and was not rewarded for his deed. 

Determined to right his wrong, the king, inquired of his attending servants if Mordecai had been duly rewarded for his bravery. Upon learning that Mordecai had not been acknowledged, the king set out to rectify his oversight.

Meanwhile, Haman entered the palace early that day, hoping to seek the king’s permission to have Mordecai hung on the gallows he had assembled at his wife’s goading. When the king was told of Haman’s presence on the palace grounds, he summoned him. 

Unaware of Haman’s animosity for Mordecai, the king consulted him on how to reward a person for his bravery.  On the other hand, Haman mistakenly assumed that the man the king wanted to reward was him. Misreading the situation led Haman to propose a grand and extravagant display that is only fit for the king.  

To Haman’s chagrin, the king ordered him to do what he had proposed for Mordecai. He said, “Take the robes and the horse quickly as you have said and do so for Mordecai the Jew sitting at the king's gate; do not fall short in anything of all that you have said.”  Haman could not retract but had to carry out the king's instruction.

When it was all done, Mordecai returned to the palace entrance while Haman went home dejected. When he recounted what had happened to his wife and some counselors, in response, he was told what he loath to hear. They told him, "If Mordecai, before whom you have begun to fall, is of Jewish origin, you will not overcome him but will surely fall before him." Just then, the eunuch arrived to fetch Haman to the banquet Esther had prepared.

What we witness here is a perfect example of poetic justice. Every action carries consequences. It is vital to do what is right and just, even when it doesn’t align with our expectations or desires. Our actions and intentions can have unforeseen repercussions, so it's essential to approach situations with humility and empathy.

 

Esther 5 – Strategize wisely

Esther fasted for three days, as she had told Mordecai she would. She also asked him to gather the Jews in Susa to do the same. After three days, Esther acted. Dressed in her royal robe, she stood conspicuously near the inner royal court, where King Xerxes was seated on the throne.

When the king noticed his young wife, he was pleasantly surprised. Without hesitation, he extended the golden scepter to her, a gesture of forgiveness for the breach of etiquette. The king then asked, “What is troubling you, Queen Esther? What is your request?” Before hearing Esther’s response, he promised to grant her anything, even if it meant giving her half his kingdom.

Wisely, Esther chose not to act hastily. She wanted to ensure the king’s complete affection before making the critical appeal. In response to the king’s kind gesture, she extended an invitation to a banquet for him and Haman.

The king quickly summoned Haman, and they attended a banquet where wine was served. At the banquet, the king again promised to grant her anything. Esther did not give her game away. She invited the king and Haman to another banquet the following day, promising to make her request known then. She did all of this to disarm Haman.

Meanwhile, when Haman was leaving the banquet, he saw Mordecai and was irritated by the sight of him. Although he could brag about his family, wealth, and success, he couldn’t gain the respect of Mordecai, which he craved. And that bothered him. At the urging of his wife Zeresh, he constructed a gallows, hoping to exploit his perceived favor with the king and Esther to have Mordecai hanged on it.

Esther 5 teaches us to value patience and strategic thinking. Esther chose not to act hastily but instead carefully planned her approach to ensure the best possible outcome for herself and her people. We must learn to analyze situations, consider the implications of our actions, and be patient in the pursuit of our goals. Strategic thinking and patience can often lead to more successful and positive outcomes, even in challenging circumstances.

Esther 4 – Are we willing to pay the cost for our God-given mission?

Upon learning of Haman’s action, Mordecai was immediately overcome with distress. He tore his clothes, donned sackcloth and ashes, and ventured into the city in mourning. His destination was the palace entrance, where he hoped to catch Esther’s attention. However, his attire of sackcloth prevented him from entering the palace grounds.

Simultaneously, all the Jews across the province where Haman’s decree was sent, united in fasting, weeping, wailing, and mourning in sackcloth and ashes. Their collective action was a poignant testament to the imminent threat of extermination they all faced.  

Esther, secluded in the women’s quarter of the palace, was only made aware of Mordecai's distress through her maids. The news afflicted her emotions deeply, and she sent Mordecai proper clothes, unaware of the dire situation. Her attempt was probably to facilitate his entrance into the palace. However, Mordecai flatly refused.

The queen summoned Hathach, the steward assigned to assist her by the king, to find out what was causing Mordecai’s actions.  Mordecai then told the steward of Haman’s plan and the impending extermination of all the Jews in the land. He even handed Hathach, the steward, a copy of Haman’s decree to attest to what was happening.

Mordecai even assigned Esther with the daunting task of pleading with the king on behalf of the Jews.  She was quick to remind Mordecai of the perilous nature of her mission, especially since the king had not summoned her. Although Mordecai was confident that help would come from somewhere else if Esther did not take the risk, he reminded her that, as a Jew herself, her life was also at risk.

Convicted, Esther then made up her mind to take the risk. Her response to Mordecai underscored the gravity of her decision and the risk she was willing to take. But she requested that Mordecai gathered all the Jews in Susa to fast for three days, even as she and her maids would do the same.  Her inspiring words were, “If I perish, I perish,” which shows the sacrifice she was prepared to make for the more significant cause of her Jewish people. Deep conviction and commitment always call for sacrifice. Any task of great value can never be achieved without the willingness to pay the cost.  

One key lesson is the importance of standing up for what is right, even in the face of great risk. Are we ready to stand up for what’s right, even when it requires personal sacrifice? True conviction and commitment always come with a cost. Are we willing to pay the price to advance the kingdom of God?  

 

 

 

Esther 3 – Arrogance leads to intolerance

In Esther 3, we see the resurgence of an old enemy of the Jews. It came in the person of Haman, an Agagite and descendant of Agag, the king of the Amalekites. These people had a long history of hostility toward the Jews. Here, we are given insight into Haman’s character.

Upon Haman’s appointment as chief minister of the Persian Empire, Esther had already served as queen for four years. He was an ambitious and arrogant individual, who demanded unwavering homage and respect from all. However, Mordecai, a Jewish exile, defied him and refused to bow to him because of his beliefs. This refusal annoyed and greatly enraged Haman, prompting him to devise a plan to annihilate all the Jews in the Empire.

So, he approached the king and slandered the Jews, insinuating that they were disloyal to the king and disobedient. For the king’s benefit, Haman made the case that these people should not be allowed to exist.

Sinisterly, he offered to use his funds of ten thousand talents of silver to engage people to carry out the king’s business. Haman suggested confiscating the possessions of the Jews and transferring them to the royal treasury. King Xerxes fell for it and granted Haman his ring, giving him the authority to use the royal seal on any orders he issued.

But Haman was not only immensely proud, but he was also profoundly superstitious. In his pursuit to execute his murderous plan to annihilate the Jews, he resorted to casting lots to determine the most favorable day. As divine providence would have it, the day the lots had determined for the annihilation of the Jews was eleven months away.

Being superstitious, Haman did not want to change the day. Hence, he issued a decree stating that in eleven months, all Jews would be annihilated. The decree was issued and adequately sealed and sent to all provinces that all Jews, male or female, children, and adults would be exterminated, and their possessions seized and plundered.

We need to recognize the dangers of allowing pride to overshadow our logic and reasonableness. Pride can cause us to be prejudiced and discriminative. This chapter cautions us not to allow pride to cause us to become intolerant of others.

Esther 2 – God never stops working in our lives

Although Vashti was banished, King Xerxes did not pursue a replacement for her. And when his anger had subsided, he thought about the exiled queen and what he had done to her frequently. This frequent contemplation of his actions seems to indicate the apparent regret the king felt. It could be that he has remorse in his heart. Realizing it, the King’s advisers suggested selecting an official queen.

Consequently, the King made a decree to search for a queen. When the decree went out, the most stunning young women in the kingdom were summoned to the palace. Here, they underwent a rigorous and thorough grooming and preparation process, which included beauty treatments, etiquette lessons, and cultural education, all in hopes of being chosen by the King to be his queen.

Among those who came hoping to be the prospective queen was Esther, an orphan raised by her cousin Mordecai. They were two of those Jewish exiles.  Mordecai advised Esther to conceal her Jewish heritage while living in the palace.

After a rigorous year of intensive beauty preparation, each young woman was presented individually to the King in a grand ceremony. Each one, adorned in their finest attire and with their beauty enhanced, was introduced to the King. Finally, the King made his choice, and Esther was crowned queen.

As providence would have it, Mordecai’s presence around the palace allowed him to uncover a plot to assassinate the King. He then acted with remarkable courage and informed the King through Esther. His brave act led to the capture and execution of the would-be assassins. Though Mordecai was not publicly honored, his heroic deed was recorded in the official records.

All things happen to believers by divine providence, not by chance. Even when events unfold unexpectedly, God’s unseen hand is working things out for our good. This reminds us to reflect on the role of divine providence, God’s destiny, and His excellent plan for our lives. Don't be discouraged by negative experiences but stay confident in God who is working out something positive in us through all of them.

Esther 1 – The danger of pride and intemperance

Esther 1 introduces us to King Xerxes of the Persian Empire. He was the son of Darius.  His empire was vast, with 127 provinces stretching from India to Ethiopia. Verses 1-9 describe a lavish exhibition the king had set up. Officials and prominent figures from all parts of the Persian Empire were gathered for this lavish exhibition at his winter capital in Susa. Xerxes wanted to showcase the opulence and grandeur of His royal court.

The exhibition lasted six months and concluded with a magnificent seven-day banquet, a fitting finale to the display of wealth and magnificence. Meanwhile, verse 9 says that Queen Vashti also had a banquet for the women in the palace.

 

During the week-long celebration and drunken merriment, the king became inebriated and behaved recklessly. He mindlessly commanded his stewards to bring Vashti, his queen, to display her beauty to the crowd at the banquet. Vashti defied the king’s unreasonable demand and flatly turned it down. She would not lower her dignity to become the object of the king’s drunken revelry. This hurt the king’s pride and angered him.

 

Upon Queen Vashti’s insubordination, King Xerxes sought counsel from his seven trusted advisers, who were well-versed in the kingdom’s laws. Memucan, one of those counselors, recommended that Vashti be deposed and an unrepealable edict be issued to emphasize the consequences of disobedience.

 

Memucan also suggested the selection of a new queen to set an example for all the wives in the kingdom so that they would always honor their husbands.  The king and the other counselors found this advice favorable and promptly promulgated the decree throughout his vast kingdom.

 

There are many lessons we can take away from this Esther 1. Here are two of them. Firstly, we see the danger of overindulgence. The Bible warns much about excessive drinking. Overindulgence in wine dulls one's senses and causes one to make reckless, rash, and unreasonable decisions. Secondly, we learn the consequence of pride. Pride will deceive us and make us lose our wisdom. Pride always comes before destruction. The proud would be humble or, worse still, be humiliated. 

Introduction to the Book of Esther

Having delved into the books of Ezekiel and Daniel, we now embark on a unique journey into the book of Esther. Like the books of Ezekiel and Daniel, the book of Esther was written during Jewish exile, away from the promised land. This distinct setting is just one of the many unique aspects of the Book of Esther.  

Another intriguing aspect of this book, akin to the Book of Ruth, is that it is named after a woman. However, what truly sets it apart is that it is one of the two books in the Bible where the name of God is not mentioned directly. This unique feature invites us to delve deeper into the narrative and understand how the Jewish people navigated life in a Gentile environment.

We will briefly examine the history of God’s people to orient ourselves to the background of this book. In God’s providential care for Israel, we saw the coalition of the Medo-Persian empire conquering the Babylonians. Darius the Medes or Cyrus from Persia was the first ruler of the Medo-Persian empire. Following him came Xerxes I, also known as Ahasuerus.

The key players of the book of Esther were two Jewish characters, Mordecai and his cousin Hadassah. Like Daniel, who was given the Babylonian name Belteshazzar, Hadassah was given the pagan name Esther. Their given names were derived from a pagan god named “Bel” and a pagan goddess named “Ishtar,” respectively. Daniel was taken into exile to Babylon, where he rose to a prominent position of prime minister, whereas Esther rose to become a queen in Persia.

During this time, the Jewish people in exile were not forced to return to their homeland. Many chose to remain in the foreign land, having adapted to their new surroundings. However, we witness a profound truth coming to light amidst these circumstances. God is ultimately in control of the world. Even when faced with the most challenging situations, His people are constantly under His divine protection. He masterfully orchestrates events and circumstances to ensure the safety and well-being of His people. Our faith is in a God who provides unwavering protection and care.

Hosea 14:4-9 – Why should we repent?

Repentance and returning to the Lord would benefit the people of Israel in many ways. God would forgive them and heal their backsliding. Moreover, His love for them would be unwavering, for his anger would be turned away. This love is not fleeting but would be a constant source of comfort and security.

Using metaphors, Hosea 14:5-7 depicts the blessings Israel would experience. The metaphor of ‘lilies that blossom’ symbolizes the beauty and purity of their renewed relationship with God. The metaphor of ‘fruitful trees with deep roots and luxuriant shoots and leaves’ represents the strength and prosperity they would enjoy.

In verse 8, God even promises that His blessings to them would far outweigh the illusive prosperity they had desired when they turn to worship and pursue Baal. The last verse closed with an assurance to the wise who would heed the call and a warning of disaster for those who persist in their disobedience. God's blessings are not just abundant, but they surpass any worldly prosperity.

Israel’s history reveals that the people did not heed God's call. Second Kings 17 tells us that King Shalmaneser of Assyria finally conquered the Northern Kingdom of Israel during King Hoshea's reign. He not only destroyed her cities but also took the people into captivity and settled them in various parts of his kingdom. All these took place in 722 B.C.

 

Our relationship with God must be carefully guarded and given the utmost attention. Let us prioritize our relationship with Him. Whenever we slip and stray, we must quickly repent, seek His forgiveness, and return to embrace His enduring love and blessings.  

 

 

Hosea 14:1-3 – Genuine repentance ensures God’s forgiveness

In these opening verses of the concluding chapter of the book of Hosea, the prophet passionately implores the people of Israel to rekindle their relationship with the LORD, their God.

Despite the nation’s transgressions and defiance, the prophet emphasizes the enduring nature of God’s love for them. He stresses that God’s ultimate desire is not to bring about their destruction but to see them turn away from their sinful ways and seek forgiveness.

As a mediator, Hosea, in these three first verses urged the people to seek reconciliation with their Lord God. Here, he even provided them with words of confession to implore God’s forgiveness and mercy.

The prophet’s guidance was crystal clear: The people must refrain from seeking the aid of the Assyrians, recognizing that they would not be able to save, and instead direct their focus towards God, placing their complete trust in His mercy and grace. They should also no longer acknowledge their hand-crafted idol as their God.

The importance of seeking genuine repentance and forgiveness from God can never be overstated. Despite our shortcomings, God’s love and mercy endure. All we need is to earnestly return to God, acknowledge our mistakes, seek forgiveness, and be determined to walk in the righteous path. We do so by relying on His help and not earthly resources.

Hosea 13:12-16 – It is foolish to remain stubborn.

Hosea 13:12 poetically shows that Israel had persistently accumulated their sins over the years. Their recalcitrance had made the punishment inevitable. Verse 13 describes an unborn child at the mouth of its mother’s womb yet refuses to come out from it. Thus, it will die.

This is by way of saying that while hope of salvation and a new lease of life is possible through repentance, Israel stubbornly refuses. Hence, the inexorable consequence awaits.

Verse 14 shows that their stubbornness had made the impending death inevitable, and mercy would no longer be an option. The compassion that would have been experienced would be hidden.  

Like the scorching desert wind, Assyria would come and lay waste to the land.  The fountains and springs would become dry. For Israel’s rebellion, the Assyrian army would ravage the land and lay it waste with no recourse or mercy.

 

The choices we make in life are often influenced by our attitude. When we find it challenging to admit our mistakes, it can lead to consequences that are difficult to reverse. This can have a significant impact on the path our lives take. It’s important to reflect on our attitude toward God and be open to His kindness and guidance so that we can move forward with understanding and acceptance.

 

Hosea 13:4-11 – Don't be ungrateful to God.

Hosea 13:4-11 looks back to Israel’s past to establish their unfaithfulness and betrayal as God’s chosen people. Their history, from the time in Egypt, had established that the Lord would be their God, and they would be His people. God even warned them against worshiping any other god, for only He alone could save them.

Verses 5-6 shows that God not only saved them but also lavished them with care and protection. He attended to their every need and provided for them even in the harshest circumstances, such as the arid and dry wilderness. Yet, in their comfort and prosperity, they succumbed to pride and forgot God, their benefactor.  

This led to the necessity of divine discipline. Hosea, in verses 7-8, described how God set out to discipline them. The use of metaphors like lion, leopard, and bear robbing of her cubs, and lioness, underscored the severity of the divine discipline, leaving no room for escape. Their choice to abandon the Lord would lead to their just punishment.

Hosea also referred to their request for a king in verses 10-11. Their request was evident of their rejection of God as their king. This rejection had serious consequences. God granted their request and gave them a king. However, the king could not provide the protection and security they wanted. Hosea then declared that the whole monarchy to be scheduled for judgment.  

We must always keep in mind the importance of never forgetting God, our source of life. Even during times of comfort and prosperity, we must consciously avoid giving in to pride, which can jeopardize our commitment to God. It is crucial to remain faithful and humble, especially in the face of achievements and moments of success.

Hosea 13:1-3 – Idolatry will bring about one’s downfall.

Just as Judah was the dominant tribe in the Southern Kingdom of Judah, Ephraim was the dominant tribe in the Northern Kingdom of Israel. The Northern Kingdom of Israel, also known as the Kingdom of Samaria, was established after the united monarchy of Israel split into two separate entities. Hence, Ephraim often refers to the Northern Kingdom of Israel. 

Hosea 13:1 implies that as the dominant tribe in the north, Ephraim was considered the leader by all ten tribes that comprised the northern Kingdom of Israel. And it was Ephraim who, as the leader, would be held responsible for the nation's sin of turning to Baal. 

Ephraim took the lead in developing Baal worship in Israel. Baal was a significant pagan deity in the Canaanite religion, and his worship involved idolatrous rituals in the face of Israel’s call to honor the Lord God alone. From worshipping Baal, their silver craftsmen multiplied silver idols and sinned against God more and more. In so doing, the people of Israel were encouraged to venerate and honor the idols of calves these craftsmen had made.

Hosea 13:3 uses powerful metaphors to highlight the consequences of Israel’s idolatry. It depicts Israel’s imminent disappearance, like morning clouds and dew that evaporate in the sunlight, as well as its swift dispersion, like weightless chaff blown off the threshing floor and smoke dissipating from a chimney. These metaphors vividly illustrate the fleeting nature of Israel’s prosperity and the inevitability of its downfall due to idolatry.

The three verses emphasize the grave risks associated with abandoning the worship of the true God in favor of worshipping worthless idols. Idolatry may initially appear to offer hope and prosperity, but these promises are fleeting and insubstantial. Ultimately, turning to idolatry leads to an unavoidable downfall. Therefore, wisdom dictates that we remain steadfast in our faithfulness to the one true God, the only one deserving our worship and allegiance. 

Hosea 12:10-14 – Be grateful to God

Hosea 12:10-11 asserted that God’s prophets tirelessly conveyed His messages to the people in various ways. Despite the prophets’ unwavering efforts, the people’s ignorance was persistent. As a result, they would now have to face the consequences of their actions. Their idolatrous altars would be destroyed, reduced to nothing more than piles of stones in open fields.

Hosea 12:12-14 then go on to reference Jacob’s and Moses’ actions to illustrate divine providence. In Jacob’s case, he fled to Aram and labored as a shepherd (for Laban) for his wife’s hand. Whereas Moses was the prophet, God used to lead Israel out of bondage in Egypt. Moses not only delivered them but also took care of them. Yet the people rebelled against him despite his care for them. 

The point is this: rebelling against God’s chosen messengers is defiance against God Himself. Such defiance carries dire consequences, as seen in God’s anger and the resultant punishment. Israel’s ingratitude and lack of devotion have sparked intense anger, leading to guilt and punishment. Their sin and its consequences remain, ensuring an inevitable and inescapable payback.

Ingratitude and lack of devotion have consequences. Thus, it is important that we remain grateful people and be thankful to God for His care and providence. Don’t spurn the gracious gesture of God